Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is a type of cancer that affects the cells of the lymphatic system. The role of the lymphatic system is to fight infection. This form of cancer targets a type of white blood cell, the lymphocytes, causing abnormal production of these cells. They can build up in one or more lymph nodes (most often in the neck, groin, armpits, or abdomen), but they can appear anywhere in the body. There are many types of NHL, each with different features, identified by how the cancer cells look under a microscope.
People can experience different symptoms according to the type pf NHL they have and where the cancer cells are located, such as:
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Redness or itching on the stomach, back, or chest
- Unexplained weight loss
- Unexplained fatigue
- Paleness
- Unexplained fever
- Frequent infections
- Night sweats
- Cough or trouble breathing
- Stomach pain
- Nausea, etc.
Having these symptoms does not necessarily mean that you have cancer. You should, however, see your health care provider since early detection can lead to a better outcome.
The chances of recovery will vary depending on several factors, including age, the type of NHL, and the stage at which the cancer was diagnosed.
Causes and triggers
Certain factors may increase a person's risk of developing this form of cancer, such as:
- Age, particularly being over 60
- Male sex, except for some types of NHL
- A weakened immune system
- Some autoimmune disorders
- Organ transplant
- Certain infections (e.g., HIV, hepatitis C)
- A family history of NHL
- Having had chemotherapy in the past
- Exposure to some insecticides, like lindane
- Having certain breast implants
Treatment
The type of NHL and other factors will influence treatment selection, which may include one or several of the following:
- Observation
- Chemotherapy
- Immunotherapy
- Targeted therapy
- Radiation therapy
- Stem cell transplant
- Surgery
Unfortunately, nothing specific can be done to prevent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. However, living a healthy lifestyle can help reduce one's risk of developing cancer:
- Adopting a healthy diet
- Avoiding alcohol and tobacco
- Exercising regularly
- Maintaining a healthy weight
- Avoid the use of pesticides and hazardous products at home and in the workplace
When should I see a health care professional?
Consult your health care provider in the following cases:
- You notice swelling in your lymph nodes, especially in the neck, groin, armpits, or abdomen.
- You feel very tired or weak.
- You bruise or bleed easily.
- You get infections more often than usual.
- You have trouble breathing.
- You feel pain or discomfort in your abdomen.